Understanding Matthew 28:19 and Early Church Practice**
INTRODUCTION: THE APPARENT TENSION
"Jesus commanded baptism 'in the name of the Father,
Son, and Holy Spirit'—yet the book of Acts shows the early church baptizing
only 'in Jesus' name.' Is this a contradiction? Or a profound mystery pointing
to Christ’s supremacy?"
1. THE COMMAND: MATTHEW 28:19 (TRINITARIAN FORMULA)
One Name, Three Persons
- Key
Text: "Go therefore and make disciples... baptizing them
in the name [singular] of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy
Spirit."
- Critical
Observations:
- Not
three names, but one name (Greek onoma)
representing the authority and identity of the Triune
God.
- The
Father’s Name: YHWH ("I AM" – Exodus 3:14).
- The
Son’s Name: Jesus ("YHWH saves" – Matthew 1:21).
- The
Spirit’s Name: No standalone name, but He is "the
Spirit of Christ" (Romans 8:9).
The Mystery Unveiled
- Jesus
is the embodiment of the Trinity:
- "Whoever
has seen Me has seen the Father" (John 14:9).
- "The
Spirit will glorify Me" (John 16:14).
- Thus,
the name of the Father, Son, and Spirit is fully
revealed in Jesus (Colossians 2:9).
2. THE PRACTICE: ACTS (BAPTISM IN JESUS’ NAME)
Early Church’s Uniform Pattern
- Acts
2:38: "Repent and be baptized... in the name of Jesus
Christ."
- Acts
8:16, 10:48, 19:5: All record baptism exclusively in
Jesus’ name.
Why Jesus’ Name?
- Covenant
Fulfillment:
- The
Old Covenant was in YHWH’s name; the New Covenant is in Jesus’
name (Hebrews 8:6-13).
- Authority
Over All:
- "God
has given Him the name above every name" (Philippians
2:9-11).
- Demons
flee, sins are forgiven, and the church is built in His name
alone (Acts 4:12; Colossians 3:17).
- Confessional
Necessity:
- Baptism
proclaimed allegiance to Jesus as Lord (Romans 10:9-10).
3. RESOLVING THE TENSION: ONE NAME, ONE GOD
Jesus as the Trinity’s Revelation
- The
Father’s name is manifested in Jesus (John 17:6, 26).
- The
Spirit is "the Spirit of Christ" (Romans 8:9)
who points to Him.
- Conclusion: Baptism
in Jesus’ name is baptism into the Triune God—because all
divine authority flows through Him (Matthew 28:18).
Early Church Perspective
- They
saw no contradiction because:
- To
invoke Jesus was to invoke the Father who sent Him and
the Spirit He poured out.
- Example:
Paul blesses with "grace of Christ... love of God...
fellowship of the Spirit" (2 Corinthians 13:14)—one God,
three persons.
4. WHY THIS MATTERS TODAY
Against Division
- Error
1: "Only Jesus’ name baptism is valid!" →
Risks neglecting the Trinity’s fullness.
- Error
2: "The Trinitarian formula is just tradition!" →
Ignores Jesus’ direct command.
For Unity
- Form: Matthew
28:19 (theological truth).
- Function: Acts
(practical confession of Christ’s lordship).
- Both/And: The
early church’s practice fulfilled Jesus’ command, not
contradicted it.
5. CONCLUSION: THE NAME ABOVE ALL NAMES
Summary
- Matthew
28:19 reveals who God is (Triune).
- Acts reveals how
we confess Him (through Christ).
- Jesus’
name is the doorway to the Father and the vehicle of
the Spirit’s power.
Call to Worship
"Baptism isn’t about a formula—it’s about being
plunged into the life of the God who is Father, Son, and Spirit, fully revealed
in Jesus. His name is the key that unlocks eternity."
Discussion Question
"How does understanding baptism as ‘into Jesus’
name’ shape your view of the Trinity?"